![]() In response, we introduce Embedded Merge & Split (EMS), a new interaction technique for direct adjustment of data grouping criteria. Such adjustments are currently performed either programmatically or through menus and dialogues which require specific parameter adjustments over several steps. Although grouping plays a pivotal role in supporting data exploration, further adjustment and customization of auto-generated grouping criteria is non-trivial. Many popular visualization tools support automatic grouping of data (e.g., dividing up a numerical variable into bins). It is the process through which relevant information is gathered, simplified, and expressed in summary form. From this study, we 1) identify a list of strategies people employ to perform each operation, 2) observe commonalities in strategies across operations, and 3) derive implications to help designers leverage direct manipulation of graphical encoding as a method for user interaction.ĭata grouping is among the most frequently used operations in data visualization. We address this issue by conducting a qualitative study that examines how participants perform 15 operations using direct manipulation of standard graphical encodings. However, we lack empirical guidelines for how people convey their intended operations using direct manipulation of graphical encodings. ![]() Designers of such tools must decide which direct manipulation operations should be supported, and identify how each operation can be invoked. There is an increasing interest in developing visualization tools that enable users to perform operations by directly manipulating graphical encodings rather than external widgets such as checkboxes and sliders. We investigate direct manipulation of graphical encodings as a method for interacting with visualizations. This article is summarized in: Computer Science Teachers AssociationĬSTA's mission is to empower, engage and advocate for K-12 CS teachers worldwide. We also consider the role of frameworks in HCI as well as the future of the RBI framework. The article contributes a comprehensive methodology for evaluating the impact of frameworks through our twofold approach: content-based citation analysis, including the design of a new citation typology and a survey on the use of frameworks in education using a taxonomy of learning goals. We provide our findings about the impact of the framework both on contemporary research, through content-based citation analysis, and in HCI education, through a survey we conducted on emerging interaction frameworks. As a case study for investigating the impact of theoretical work in HCI, we present our evaluation of the impact of the Reality Based Interaction (RBI) framework, introduced by the authors in 2008. However, studying the impact of such theoretical contributions requires consideration of various perspectives and level of impact. Evaluating the impact of frameworks can identify whether and how a framework was used, how it has evolved, and what trends have developed over time. This review appraises the recent literature regarding the health benefits of anthocyanins and their molecular mechanisms in various oxidative stress related pathophysiological conditions.įrameworks such as Direct Manipulation or Instrumental Interaction have been an important force in HCI research. However, considerable variations in activities do exist among structurally diverse anthocyanins. Moreover, anthocyanins improve diabetes, obesity and cancer pathology by inhibiting NF-кB-mediated inflammatory pathways. Inhibition of the anti-inflammatory pathways also influences the modulation of arteriolar disorders and cardiovascular complications due to anthocyanin administration. Recent investigations have revealed that anti-inflammatory activities of anthocyanins follow the inhibitory pathways of NF-кB-mediated decline of inflammatory cytokines production. Major benefits of anthocyanin administration are owing to their potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Many in vivo and in vitro studies reveal that anthocyanins have different health beneficial effects such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antihypertensive and anticancer properties. The red, blue and purple colours of leaves, flowers and fruits of plants confirm that they are rich sources of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring water-soluble plant pigments belonging to the flavonoids chemical class.
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